This is because an AWG can output only classical states called coherent states among various quantum states of light. The AWG seems to engineer the light flexibly however, it actually engineers only a very limited degree of freedom from the perspective of quantum optics. By optimizing the temporal waveform according to purposes, the AWG can solve technical problems in various applications such as coherent control of light-matter interaction ( 3– 5), ultrafast optical communication ( 6, 7), spectroscopy ( 8, 9), and manipulation of quantum entanglement ( 10). An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), a device that outputs laser light with a desired temporal waveform, is one of the most versatile light source ( 1, 2). The development of light sources is the key to innovation in science and technology.
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